Nokia 1508 USB Charge Ways - Components and Connection Tracks
First try to check the fuse, filter coil and the diode (if mounted) for possible damaged. Replace it at once if found faulty. Check and trace also the power supply voltage line paths from the USB pin connector down to the fuse and the filter coil.
If seems all of the components and connection were both okay, you may then try to replace the USB VBUS controller IC. This chip holds and control the USB charging voltage before it feeds to the main charging control chip which is the Power IC.